Publications/Data and Reports

This paper takes stock of methodologies in scaling up local response components supported by the World Bank’s Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program (MAP) in Africa. The paper draws lessons from, among others, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Eritrea, The Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda. It focuses on experiences of countries that have succeeded in scaling up their local response programs within two to three years, the processes involved and the lessons learned.

December 2004

This study is aimed at addressing the needs of young children affected by the loss of one or both parents as a consequence of HIV/AIDS and conflicts. In doing so, it makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of the many risks and vulnerabilities faced by orphans and the ameliorating role played by governments and donors.

November 2004

The Macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS is intended to fill in the gap in the literature between studies of specific sectors—especially public health and education—and bird’s-eye assessments of the broader social and economic consequences of HIV/AIDS. In contrast with most other macroeconomic studies on the subject, The Macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS emphasizes how HIV/AIDS affects society and the economy through its microeconomic impacts and also how the social and economic impact, combined with the increase in mortality rates, affects the welfare of individuals and households.

August 2004

Addressing HIV/AIDS in East Asia and the Pacific identifies options for how the World Bank, in close partnership with government, civil society and other partners, can assist in the response at the country and regional levels. It stresses the need for country specific strategies to address the diversity of issues within the region and highlights the importance of analytic and advisory work in this area to support ongoing and planned programs as well as capacity building efforts.

June 2004

How should governments respond to the increasing domestic and international pressures to finance antiretroviral therapy for AIDS patients? Once prohibitively expensive outside rich countries, antiretroviral therapy is now increasingly affordable, especially in India where patent laws and a dynamic pharmaceutical industry have facilitated the production and marketing of some of the best available drug combinations at prices below a dollar a day.

July 2004

Truck Drivers and Casual Sex is based on a survey that explores the practice of casual sex among truck drivers and commercial sex workers in the border areas of Poland and Lithuania at a point of time. It uses this evidence to extrapolate the potential impact of these practices on the spread of HIV/AIDS in these countries.

June 2004

Battling HIV/AIDS sets out principles and provides advice on the procurement of HIV/AIDS medicines and related supplies for programs scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART) and associated health services. This technical guide examines the elements required to establish and ensure continuity of supplies, including medicines and other commodities. It provides extensive guidance on key topics: Quality Assurance, Selection & Quantification methods, Intellectual Property Rights, Procurement Strategies, Pricing & Financing, the Supply Cycle and Policy Issues.

Alexandria Valerio and Donald Bundy, authors

African Human Development Series. Includes CD-ROM. January 2004. 400 pages. Stock no. 15757 (ISBN 0-8213-5757-3).

The Sourcebook aims to support efforts by countries to strengthen the role of the education sector in the prevention of HIV/AIDS. It was developed in response to numerous requests for a simple forum to help countries share their practical experiences of designing and implementing programs that are targeted at school-age children. The Sourcebook documents thirteen education based HIV/AIDS prevention programs targeting children and youth from seven Sub-Saharan African countries.

January 2004

HIV/AIDS in Georgia is an important tool in placing the HIV/AIDS epidemic at the center of the development and aid agenda in Georgia and for identifying the most appropriate and cost-effective interventions in the context of poverty reduction.

October 2003

HIV/AIDS in Latin American Countries presents new and updated information about the extent and trends of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Latin America; it evaluates current national surveillance capacities, and assesses the national responses of the health sector to the epidemic on a country-by-country basis. Based on analyses of secondary information and on new World Bank–sponsored research and country-level data, the study looks at 17 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, and Uruguay.

Joana Godhino, Thomas Novotny, Hiwote Tadesse, and Anatoly Vinokur

World Bank Working Paper #20. October 2003. 94 pages. Stock no. 15867 (ISBN 0-8213-5867-9).

This study presents country profiles that were developed to inform Bank management and other stakeholders about the main characteristics of the epidemics. The profiles cover epidemiology; strategic and regulatory frameworks; surveillance; preventive, diagnostic, and treatment activities; non-governmental and partner activities; and resources available. This report summarizes the main issues identified by this initial assessment and recommends further study and action. 

September 2003. 222 pages. Stock no. 15580 (ISBN 0-8213-5580-5).

The Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region is experiencing the world's fastest-growing HIV/AIDS epidemic and a large burden of tuberculosis. Controlling HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis is a corporate priority for the World Bank Group. This Regional Support Strategy translates the Bank's commitment into an agenda for action in the region.

September 2003

This handbook, produced by the World Bank Urban and Global HIV/AIDS programs in collaboration with a number of partners (AMICAALL, UNDP, UN-HABITAT, Urban Management Programme and Cities Alliances), suggests a process and accompanying tools that can support local governments in strengthening and/or developing sustainable responses to HIV/AIDS. The Handbook guides local government authorities through steps of prioritizing HIV/AIDS, assessing local impact of HIV/AIDS, and developing an HIV/AIDS Response Strategy (including workplace policy, mainstreaming and coordinating local responses). It offers suggestions for mobilizing resources, implementing the strategy through partnerships (including civil society organizations, private sector and government agencies), and establishing systems of monitoring and evaluation.  

Also available in French and Portuguese.

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September 2003
This booklet presents an overview of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Central America. It then summarizes the results of case studies in Guatemala, Honduras and Panama on where money might best be allocated so that prevention efforts make the greatest possible impact on curbing the epidemic.

2003

This paper reviews the current status of the AIDS epidemics in the three countries, evaluates the approaches and strategies currently being used in each country, and makes recommendation both for government strategies and for the World Bank’s current and potential future involvement in relation to these strategies.

2003
This report reviews the HIV/AIDS situation in the Middle East, North Africa, and Eastern Mediterranean (MENA/EM) region, and is intended to stimulate discussion and promote dialogue among the region’s policy and decision makers. It seeks to provide a framework for multisectoral strategic action to reduce behaviors that risk spreading HIV, to care for and support those who become infected, and to diminish vulnerability among specific segments of society. Although most evidence suggests that overall HIV prevalence is low in the region, greater investments in improved surveillance, prevention, and care are needed now - to maintain low prevalence levels and preserve the focus on national and regional development goals.

by World Bank English BC 103 pages 6 x 9 Published April 2002 by World Bank ISBN: 0-8213-5117-6 SKU: 15117

The global HIV/AIDS epidemic has already killed 20 million people and another 40 million people are currently infected. The magnitude of this epidemic requires a response that confronts the disease from every sector, but education plays a particularly important role. Education and HIV/AIDS provides a strategic direction for the World Bank in responding to the impact of HIV/AIDS on education systems. The central message of this book is that the education of children and youth deserves the highest priority in a world afflicted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. 

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2001 First Edition

This guide is available from the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services HIV/AIDS Bureau Web site

November 2001 

This guide is geared to the operational needs of World Bank staff and Borrower-country counterparts who seek to procure condoms for the prevention of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. It draws upon and complements more detailed documentation produced by the World Health Organization, UNFPA and others, as well as World Bank procurement documents. Its main purposes are to highlight key issues and options to consider when designing condom procurements and to help users navigate the more detailed documentation that is available on these issues when additional information is needed

March 31, 2001

This document develops and discusses a resource determination model (RDM) designed to estimate how much would it cost to scale-up different HIV prevention and care strategies to a national level in Sub-Saharan Africa. The model combines cost-studies with detailed information on sexual behavior, condom availability, HIV prevalence and other epidemiological, demographic and health systems. The model yields estimates of the costs of scaling-up ten different HIV prevention and eight care strategies for 37 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.

March 2001

IK Notes reports periodically on Indigenous Knowledge (IK) initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is published by the Africa Region's Knowledge and Learning Center as part of an evolving IK partnership between the World Bank, communities, NGOs, development institutions and multilateral organizations. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the World Bank Group or its partners in this initiative. A web page on IK is available at http://www.worldbank.org/afr/ik/index.htm 

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World Bank Report, June 2000

This report offers an overview of the challenges and opportunities in addressing the problem of HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean. It provides a snapshot of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the region, gives examples of ways in which Caribbean countries and regional bodies such as the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) have responded to the epidemic, and discusses alternative actions for addressing the crisis. This book also highlights a range of strategies for donor coordination and cooperation in the region

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, January 2000 

This paper examines the impact of adult mortality in Tanzania on three measures of health among children under five: morbidity, height for age, and weight for height. The children hit hardest by the death of a parent or other adult are those in the poorest households, those with uneducated parents, and those with the least access to health care. The authors also show how much three important health interventions-immunization against measles, and rehydration salts, and access to health care-can do to mitigate the impact of adult mortality. 

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English BC 78 pages Published September 1999 by World Bank ISBN: 0-8213-4572-9 SKU: 14572 

The first part of this publication introduces the World Bank's strategy to combat the epidemic in partnership with African governments and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The second part documents the growing epidemic, its impact on various sectors, and the imperative of urgent action. Additional sections define building blocks for an effective response, delineate the strategic plan for intensifying the actions against AIDS in Africa, discuss the implementation of the suggested measures, and outline further steps that will be necessary after the strategies have been inculcated. French and Portuguese editions also available.

World Bank Policy Research Report, 1999 

Revised edition.  Confronting AIDS is a strategic document, written to inform and motivate political leaders, policymakers, and development specialists to support the public health community, concerned civil society, and people living with HIV in dealing with this devastating disease. The report offers examples of successful programs from many countries; and presents an analytical framework for deciding which government interventions should have high priority for addressing the epidemic in developing countries. It advocates a broad strategy that can be adapted by countries according to their resources and the stage of their epidemic. The book's combination of epidemiological and economic arguments will provide useful material for courses in development economics, health economics, and public health. Published for the World Bank by Oxford University Press.

AIDS Prevention and Mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa : An Updated World Bank Strategy (Vol.1)

World Bank Sector Report, 1996

In response to the ever-changing nature of the AIDS epidemic, this update is the 2nd review of the World Bank's 1988 AIDS strategy for Africa. The 1st review, in 1992, found that the 6 strategy actions from 1988 concerning economic & sector work, lending & capacity-building had been initiated with progress. As the 1992 review identified new areas requiring attention, this review suggests some additional actions to assist Africans: 1) generate greater political commitment to the Organization of African Unity declarations on AIDS; 2) work more vigorously to change health behaviors; 3) intensify national programs according to a typology of countries based on severity of prevalence levels; 4) increase the analysis of AIDS & its impact on development goals in economic & sector work; and 5) improve the design & implementation of cost-effective approaches to mitigate the consequences of AIDS.

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The new Regional Support Strategy, Averting AIDS Crises in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, provides a unifying framework for the World Bank's work on HIV/AIDS in the region. It identifies the potential costs of inaction, the constraints on an effective response, priority actions to resolve such constraints, and the Bank's plans for helping countries to do so as part of a multi-institutional effort. (2003)
Executive Summary in English (80K PDF), French (40K PDF), Romanian (158K PDF), Russian (188K PDF), Serbian(190K PDF), Ukranian (185K PDF)
Preface, Table of Contents, Acknowledgments, Abbreviations, Map(344kb.pdf)

This Sourcebook aims to support efforts by countries to strengthen the role of the education sector in the prevention of HIV/AIDS. It was developed in response to numerous requests for a simple forum to help countries share their practical experiences of designing and implementing programs that are targeted at school-age children. The Sourcebook seeks to fulfil this role by providing concise summaries of programs, using a standard format that highlights the main elements of the programs and makes it easier to compare the programs with each other. 

The HIV/AIDS epidemic is causing considerable turbulence in the education sector in the region, especially in the high prevalence countries of eastern and southern Africa.  In some cases, this turbulence is not being captured in educational planning processes.  In these countries, the situation obviously needs to be rectified by examining in detail the impact of the epidemic on the sector and the implications for educational planning.

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• AIDS Epidemic Update 2004
• Accelerating Action Against AIDS in Africa
• 2002 UNAIDS Report:  AIDS Epidemic Update
• Barcelona Report (The Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic)

• Fact sheet on young people and HIV/AIDS
  The world's young people are threatened by HIV/AIDS. Of the 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS, more than a quarter are aged 15 to 24. Half of all new infections now occur in young people.
• Fact sheet on orphans and other children affected by HIV/AIDS
• Fact sheet on mother-to-child transmission of HIV

• Children on the Brink 2002
  Contains statistics on children orphaned by HIV/AIDS from 88 countries, analysis of the trends found in those statistics, and strategies and principles for helping the children. (UNAIDS).

• Young People and HIV/AIDS: Opportunity in Crisis
  This report contains important new data about why young people are key to defeating the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, including results from more than 60 new national surveys. It reaffirms that we must accord top priority to making investments in the well-being of young people and to engaging them in the fight against HIV/AIDS. (UNAIDS).

• WHO publications on AIDS
• World Health Report